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How-to Guide

Step-by-step protocols and practical guides for implementing mental practice interventions. From basic motor imagery to advanced combined approaches and delivery considerations.

Delivery Options

Optimising dosage, display modalities, and implementation variables

Dosage Parameters

Session Duration

  • Optimal: 10-20 minutes
  • Minimum effective: 5-10 min
  • Maximum: 30 min (longer sessions = decreased focus)

Frequency

  • Optimal: Daily practice
  • Minimum effective: 3x per week
  • Elite athletes: Multiple daily sessions possible

Programme Duration

  • Minimum: 4 weeks for measurable effects
  • Optimal: 6-12 weeks
  • Maintenance: Ongoing practice recommended

Display Modalities

Modality Options

  • Video: First- and third-person video models
  • Point-light: Biological-motion displays isolate movement kinematics
  • Live demonstration: In-person modelling for immediate feedback

Virtual Reality

Immersive Delivery

  • Immersion: Head-mounted displays increase engagement and presence
  • Control: Adjustable viewpoint, speed, and environment

Sleep & Consolidation

Timing Considerations

  • Timing: Practice before sleep may support motor-memory consolidation
  • Naps: Short daytime naps can reinforce newly learned movements

Imagery Perspective

Perspective Options

  • Internal: First-person, kinaesthetic emphasis
  • External: Third-person, visual emphasis

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